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Prepared for the James Henare Mäori Research Centre's Capacity Building for Sustainable Mäori Development research programme, 2003. This programme has been funded by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology.
This report integrates much of the information about marine resources in Tai Tokerau gathered by the research team between 1994 and 2003 into one easily accessible document. It is available in three forms – this hyperlinked set of web pages, a hyperlinked Word document on CD-ROM, and as a PDF file in which the hyperlinked elements are incorporated as appendices of the main text.
The CD-ROM version consists of 21 linked files. The main body of the report includes 10 figures, maps and photographs, and a comprehensive bibliography. In the web-based version, the body of the report is split into five files to vacilitate viewing.
Details of the physical environment and marine ecology of specific coastal areas, going up the East Coast from Taiharuru Point, then around North Cape and down the West Coast to Rangatira Beach, are given in the remaining 20 files, each of which is hyperlinked to the main report. If you are using the “CD” or web versions of the report, these links will function automatically – just click on the link for the area you are interested in, and the information will pop up before your eyes. If you copy the CD-version files onto another computer, make sure that they are in the same subdirectory (folder) as the main report, and the first time you read one of these files right-click on the link – choose the option “Update Field”, so that in future Word will read the file on your disk, rather than look for the one on the CD. The files are listed here in the order in which the links to them appear on pages 9 and 10 of the CD-ROM version of the report.
ADVANCE PRE-RELEASE WEB-BASED VERSION
[HTML files prepared by Richard A. Benton, Principal Researcher, CBSMD Programme, with assistance from Edesignz Ltd. ]
1. Introduction
3. Key Features of the Marine Ecosystems in Tai Tokerau
3.1 Introduction
3.3 Marine Flora and Fauna of Tai Tokerau
4. Potential Opportunities for Development of Marine Resources
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Tourism
4.3 Aquaculture
4.4 Fishing
4.5 Sand Resources
5. Discussion
Appendices: Physical and Marine Ecology of Specific Coastal Areas
• 1. Berghan Point to Takou Bay
• 2. Cape Brett to Taiharuru Head
• 3. Cape Karikari to Knuckle Point
• 4. Doubtless Bay
• 5. Great Exhibition Bay to East Beach
• 6. Hokianga Harbour
• 7. Houhora Harbour
• 8. Kaipara Harbour
• 9. Mangonui Harbour
• 10 Ninety Mile Beach
• 11. Offshore Islands Group ( Poor Knights, Hen and Chickens, Hauturu [Little Barrier], Mokohinau, and Aotea [Great Barrier] Islands)
• 12. Parengarenga Harbour
• 13. Rangaunu Bay And The Coast from Puheke Beach to Whakapouaka
• 14. Rangaunu Harbour
• 15. Ripiro to Rangatira Beaches
• 16. Scott Point to Ohao Point
• 17. South Head of the Hokianga Harbour to Maunganui Bluff
• 18. Taiharuru Head to Takatu Point
• 19. Takou Bay to Taupiri Bay (Including the Bay of Islands)
• 20. Whangaroa Harbour
LIST OF FIGURES
• 1. Diagram illustrating the different zones in the marine environment.
• 2. Map of Northland showing the outline of the coast, and the main harbours.
• 3. Diagram of a generalised cross-section showing the slope of the sea floor off the coast of Tai Tokerau.
• 4. Bathymetric chart of Northland.
• 5. Map showing the major water currents associated with the marine environment of Tai Tokerau.
• 7. Map showing location of the bounding points of regions for which details of physical and ecological features are provided
• 8. Watching dolphins
• 9. Seeding out mussel spat onto a mussel long-line
• 10. Inter-tidal oyster farm.
LIST OF TABLES
• Table 1 (Main Text) The average monthly mean sea surface temperature and monthly mean range in sea surface temperature recorded at Auckland University's Marine Laboratory, Goat Island, from January 1967 to December 2000
• Table 6/1 (Appendix 6) Comparison of the catchment areas relative to harbour sizes for several North Island harbours
For a number of years (from 1994) researchers from the James Henare Maori Research Centre at the University of Auckland were engaged in a research project investigating the potential for sustainable Maori economic development in Tai Tokerau. The research project covered a different region of Tai Tokerau each year. For each area, the researchers looked at the terrestrial, marine and coastal resources, social and cultural resources, and business development issues. The research results were reported back to iwi in each area both at hui and in written reports. The following report collates much of the information about marine resources in Tai Tokerau into one easily accessible document. The report firstly discusses the broad physical and ecological features of Tai Tokerau, and comments on features that are special to the region. Links to more detailed information about the physical and ecological features in specific areas in Tai Tokerau are then provided. Lastly, we discuss a range of activities utilising marine resources that might be developed by Maori in Tai Tokerau for economic benefit.
Resources are assets used by people as a means of meeting some want or need, including (but not only) economic income. They are a means to an end, valuable to the extent that they can be used to create goods or services. For example, among other things fisheries resources provide food and recreational opportunities.
Society and culture defines what things are regarded as resources, and this may change over time. For example, in 1800 the oil and gas fields off the coast of Taranaki were not thought of as resources, but to New Zealanders today they are. Thus changing technology and needs determine what are regarded as resources.
Marine resources are resources that are associated with the sea. The marine resources we discuss in this document include those found on the coastal shoreline, in the inter-tidal area (that is, the area between the high-tide mark and the low tide mark on the shore), and in the sub-tidal area (that is, the area that is under the seawater all the time) (See Figure 1).
Figure 1: Diagram illustrating the different zones in the marine environment.
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